hawaiian goddess of water hawaiian goddess of water

POLIAHU - The Hawaiian snow goddess, who lives on the snow-capped mountain Mauna Kea on the Big Island. I am very impressed with what you do here. In one myth her mother gave her the ocean as a gift, surrounding the landmass and leaving only the mountain peaks exposed. This name is apt for a Hawaiian girl. Along with brothers Kane and Ku, he helped create humanity by supplying fertile soil from which people were created. I think they are even more interesting than Greek gods. But she revealed a softer side of herself on the fertile, sunny cliffs of Hamakua, where she trimmed the landscape with winding streams and waterfalls that led to the sea. Amphitrite, in Greek mythology, the goddess of the sea, wife of the god Poseidon, It was here that Poliahu and her sister Lilinoe (goddess of the mists) took off their white snow cloaks to challenge the chiefs to a sled-riding contest, and where Poliahu was confronted by a jealous redhead who proved to be Pele herself. Nice article about Hawaiian gods. Ha! Legend has it that they lived in Hawaii even before the Polynesian settlers and that they were excellent craftsmen, completing astounding engineering feats like the Menehune Fish Pond on Kauai. How about a book? However, it seems NO ONE knows about Hawaiian mythology. She's also known to sometimes take human form. Im glad it was! Laka is most well known as the goddess of the hula and the forest. egyptian gods - water goddess stock illustrations. In Hawaii, she was the sister-wife of Ku, and revered as the ancestral goddess of all the heavens and earth. He also became associated with the forest asK-moku-hlii, orKu the island spreader. Plus many locals still have very strong beliefs which go all the way back to their proud and beautiful ancient heritage. [1][2], She is the daughter of Ku-waha-ilo and Haumea, whose other children are Pele, the Hiiaka sisters, the Kama brothers, and the bird Halulu. People offered prayers, kapa cloth and mild intoxicants to the god. Its believed that Pele resides in an active volcano in the Kilauea crater, an area considered sacred. Sometimes, shes depicted as a sister of the gods Kane and Kanaloa. In Tahitian mythology, Hina and her brother Ru were voyagers who had travelled many islandsbefore the former decided to stay in the moon. God of Water are common in mythology and was frequently more important among knowledge in which the sea and ocean or a great river. No trip to the Big Island would be complete without making a trek up to the summit of Mauna Kea (White mountain), the dormant volcano believed to be the sacred home of the snow goddess Poliahu. For a quick pop culture reference think of him as a combination of Wolverine and the Incredible Hulk when hes enraged. I do accept that some people may prefer different shortenings, like with the Shinto storm god. In Hawaiian mythology, Haumea is the mother of Pele and many other children, including Hi'laka, the Goddess born from her mouth, and Namaka, the water spirit born from Her body. Her children also include the sea goddess Namaka and Hi'iaka - the goddess of hula dancers, among many others. Table of Contents. The termskuandtumeanstability,standing tallorrising upright. He was even worshipped by other Polynesians as their creator god and chief god. Thanks for the kind words! Are you certain in regards to the supply? Eventually she landed on Mauna Loa, which, at 13,677 feet, is the Earths most massive active volcano. World's largest independently owned Ecotourism / Green Travel / Sustainable Travel / Animal & Wildlife Conservation site. His priest was always greatly feared and was permitted to eat with the chiefessesand one of his priests was noted for his Rasputin-like influence over King Kamehameha I. Kahoalisnemesis was the god Lono, the one deity who could cure all harm inflicted by the sorcery god. 2. Thanks for the comment! The goddess discovered that mortals gave birth by cutting open the mother, similar to the cesarean section. As with other Hawaiian gods, Kanaloa could take on many physical forms, or kinolau. Eventually Kane, aschief of the gods, ordered Kamoho to stop shielding Pele. LAKA Fertility and reproduction goddess. Blessings be upon you! Who wrote this and how can we get more? You might enjoy my look at Samoan gods and goddesses as a subset of Polynesian Mythology. . Why Does Kanaloa Matter? In Hawaiian tradition, Hina was associated with female fertility, while her husband Ku with male fertility. Known as the trickster hero of Polynesia, Maui was known for getting into situations throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Sure the pagan belief system was brought down by Queen Kaahumanu in 1819, but many still have problems reconciling modern religion with the old practice of worshiping of wooden idols. I think this comes from a dont scare the tourists attitude. The Hawaiian language is very particular in that one word may have several different meanings depending on the way it is said. . Pele then attacked Kamapuaa personally when he came to claim his bride, but, with help from Kane and other gods,Kamapuaa succeeded insurviving her attack and the twowere married. i would luv to make a pretend theme park on these gods and goddesses. Very interesting! You have a real gift for describing these topics. Eventually, her secret was revealed so she ceased living with her human creations. Thanks for posting this interesting information for us! She is an older sister of Pele-honua-mea. Id never started an internet search with an image before. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Ancient Hawaiians performed religious ceremonies at their temples known asheiau. Hes also known asTangaroa, one of the greatest gods in all of Polynesia. . Her spirit lives within the water and the sacred creatures of the sea. Furious at the betrayal, she expelled Pele from Bora-Bora. Balladeers Blog has the best mythology content on the web. After her heart had been stolen by Maui, she became Te K, a demon of earth and fire and the main antagonist of the film.With Te K in her place, the islands that Te Fiti created were slowly consumed by a life . Her beautywas so intense that he was frequently jealous and on oneoccassionwas so convinced she had been unfaithful that he struck her downwith his godly powers. Never knew Hawaiian gods were so fuckin cool! Pingback: Tweets that mention THE TOP ELEVEN DEITIES IN HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY Balladeer's Blog -- Topsy.com. The literal meaning of 'Tefnut' is 'water'. To avoid confusion be aware that in other Polynesian Island groupsthere is a Lakawho is a male hero of a popular epic myth. In another legend, Wakea seduced the goddess Hina, and she gave birth to the Hawaiian island of Molokai. Often told for entertainment, ka'ao may be more fanciful and romantic than mo'olelo. She is the mother of Geb and Nut and consort of the air god Shu. According to Hawaiian legend, Pele is the creator of the Hawaiian Islands . In Hawaii, Ku was linked with male fertility and the husband of Hina, and the two were invoked during rituals. Pele is mesmerizing with her fiery display of explosive lava and energy, Namaka sends the oceans swells to the Hawaiian Islands shores. Used for healing, cleansing, and purification, Water is related to the West and associated with passion and emotion. I did include Papahanaumoku under the shorter name Papa, taking my cue from Shinto myths where they cut the more tongue-twisting names down to something more manageable. He alone of all Peles relatives tried to aid her when she was seeking to avoid her marriage to the boargod Kamapuaa. WhenMaui felt the sun that Lonofished up out of the sea moved tooquickly across the sky, making the days too short, hephysically attacked the sun, beating it and tamingit like a beast and forcing it to move more slowlyso that humanswould have longer days to finish their work in. I did not know that about her. She was also the sister of volcano goddess Pele, and the goddess of the forest. Pingback: AZTEC DEITY TEZCATLIPOCA | Balladeer's Blog. This is her pleasure in life as she gets to meet the different gods she lives among here in the islands. Copyright Symbol Sage 2022 All Rights Reserved. Fantastic blog post! Pele became more confident and started battles with Namaka. When the sun rose and set too quickly, Maui tamed it and extended the length of a day so people could have longer days to work. She is worshipped for creating it, and along with the hula dance, Laka is the goddess of the forest who enriches the plants with light. In Hawaii, the great white albatross was identified with the god. Keeper of the water of life : Kamooalii: King Moho, the God of Steam: Kanaloa : God of the Ocean: Kane : the Creator: Kane-hekili : Spirit of Thunder: Kapo: the Goddess of the South Pacific; Pele's sister: . Thanks! Very interesting site and a good post. For more info you should search in google for: Nuestro tcnico le explicar los motivos por los cuales su frigorfico se ha estropeado, y tras realizar la reparacin del frigorfico le dar los consejos precisos para que realice los cuidados precisos para alargar la vida til del frigorfico. Author Joseph Campbell once said, Myth is the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human cultural manifestation.. Glad you liked it! They worshipped gods who took the form of idols, fashioned from stone, wood, shells, or feathers. The Hawaiian god of the ocean and winds, Kanaloa was Kanes younger brother. 6. Themakahiki, a festival for the annual harvest, was dedicated to him. When the close proximity and constant lovemaking ofPapa and Rangiwas preventing the birth of all the deities who had formed in Papas womb Kane was the god who separated them by growing upward like the trees he is the lord of, keeping Earth and skyseparated and allowing himself and all his siblings to be born (though one lone deity, Luau, remained in Papas womb and his stirring is the cause of earthquakes). Other stories portray her as a wife of Kanaloa, with whom she had several children. Everybody else just gets stuck on Greek or Egyptian myths. There is never any disrespect of the subject implied in any of this, I just like to make pronunciations less intimidating. Thanks for sharing all this! He was even worshipped by other Polynesians as their creator god and chief god. She was once the Hawaiian goddess of Haleakala, a massive dormant volcano on southeastern Maui whose name means house of the sun. Now, Haleakala National Park is a protected national park known for its beautiful view of the sunrise as well as scenic hiking trails. She is the daughter of Ku-waha-ilo and Haumea, whose other children are Pele, the Hiiaka sisters, the Kama brothers, and the bird Halulu. One version states that Pele was born from the head of Haumea, while Nmaka was born from her thighs (Beckwith 1970:171). Having this power, the goddess returned to the land again and again in order to sustain the human race. Glad you enjoyed readign them! I cant believe how great this site is. https://glitternight.com/2013/04/30/the-top-deities-in-samoan-mythology/, Pingback: Losing Immortality at the Last Second | The Phoenix Series. From lush rainforests and spectacular ocean vistas to the desert landscape of Kau and the snow-clad summits of the tallest mountains in the Pacific, the Big Islands bevy of natural wonders make it a must-see for ecotourismaficionados. Thus man had to regard the rocks, the fish and the birds as his relatives.. Haumea was the patroness of childbirth invoked in pregnancy and childcare. TODAYS COOL-NAMED SPORTS TEAM: UNIVERSITY OF LA VERNE, THE TOP ELEVEN DEITIES IN HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY, https://glitternight.com/2011/03/02/eleven-more-deities-from-, https://glitternight.com/2011/03/24/the-top-11-deities-in-korean-mythology/, https://glitternight.com/2011/04/10/the-eleven-most-neglected-deities-in-teutono-norse-mythology/, https://glitternight.com/2011/06/06/the-top-12-deities-from-inuit-mythology-2/, https://glitternight.com/2011/07/05/the-eleven-most-neglected-deities-in-hindu-mythology/, https://glitternight.com/2012/06/03/the-top-twelve-deities-in-choctaw-mythology/, https://glitternight.com/2011/03/02/eleven-more-deities-from-hawaiian-mythology-2/, http://www.makethelist.net/the-top-10-deities-in-shinto-mythology/, Tweets that mention THE TOP ELEVEN DEITIES IN HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY Balladeer's Blog -- Topsy.com, THE TOP ELEVEN DEITIES IN HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY (via Balladeers Blog) Your God Is Loony, Mythos Monday: Aloha Hawaii! This is a very interesting site. They were complete opposites and even though they were related, Pele and Namaka were enemies. Answer (1 of 37): First, let's define "Hawaiians" - residents or peoples of native Hawaiian ancestry and heritage. Patti Wigington. She's passionate and hot-tempered, and when angered she'll send lava rushing down the mountain, eating up towns and dramatically shaping the landscape at her whim. But Aukelenuiaiku was seduced by beautiful sister Pele. The park is also home to numerous significant archeological sites. She was believed to be the first to arrive in the island before the gods Kane and Lono. In Hawaii, Ku was linked with male fertility and the husband of Hina, and the two were invoked during rituals. Carusos Super Garcinia Cambogia isnt appropriate for During his stay in Hawaii, the people eventually realized that he was a mere mortal. This article relating to a myth or legend from Oceania is a stub. It is amazingly complicated. Worked like a charm. The priests even honored him in a sacred ceremony in their temples. You make it enjoyable and you still take care of to keep it sensible. My students will love this article! Here you can find the translation for "Water" and a mnemonic illustration to help you remember it. A group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean, Hawaii is part of the West region of the United States, more than 2,000 miles west of California. Subject: Gods and Goddesses appears in the legend: "Makuakaumana" in the book: Rice, William Hyde, Hawaiian Legends on pages: 126-140 HSL Call Number: H 398.2 R (OV) UHM Call Number: GR385 .H3 R5 1977 Subject: Gods and Goddesses appears in the legend: "The Gods Who Found Water" in the book: Westervelt, W. D., Hawaiian Legends of Old Honolulu great threat, i like it, thanks very_ much.. According to Hawaiiian mythology, Haumea was the Goddess who created the islands of Hawaii. A water goddess, Na-maka-o-Kaha'i is the older sister of the fire goddess Pele. In his human form he was a handsome warriorarmed with amace but when the battle-lust wasupon him hissnout became tusked and hog-like and he was virtually uncontrollable. Namaka cools the lava with her healing waters allowing it to become newly birthed lands. Lady of the Lake (Celtic) - She gives Arthur the magical sword Excalibur. Click on each link to learn more about a particular Hawaiian God or Hawaiian Goddess: Perhaps the most famous goddess in Hawaiian mythology, Pele is the goddess of fire and the volcano goddess. Their son,Opelu, the god ofthieves and doctors, became the ancestor of the ruling chiefs of the Hawaiian Islands. Thank yo uvery much! Magnificent! You give Pele the respect she deserves! This wife of the god Lono was also considered the goddess of love and beauty. Very nice post! The discovery of the island by British Captain James Cook in 1778 marked the end of the ancient Hawaiian period and the beginning of the modern era. The hymns sung during hula dances are also dedicated toLaka. It is an apt name for the water baby. Thank you just for sharing.It had been genuinely delightful reading with regards to your whole opinion of this specific area of interest.I had been trying to find this sort of write up fro some time,and gratefully i came accross your site.I hope you will keep assisting people in the same way in future also. Thank you very much for commenting! Every wave you see, every sacred creature of the ocean reflects the spirit of Namaka. The Race of the Goddesses The island of Hawaii is an island of extremes - the dry deserts of Ka and the lush forests of Kohala, the soaring cliffs of Hmkua and sandy beaches of black, green and white, and of course, the snow-capped peak of Maunakea and the raging volcanic fires of Klauea. Which was created RIGHT HERE in our own back yard. Due to her fiery temper and attempted seduction of her sister Na-maka-o-Kahais husband, her father Kane banished Pele from her home, leaving her to sail the earth. If you like my blog please tell your friends! TheHawaiian goddess of fire and volcanoes, Pele often appears in myths in the form of a beautiful woman. Thanks! Sometimes, shes depicted as a sister of the gods Kane and Kanaloa. In Hawaiian mythology, Nmaka (or N-maka-o-Kahai, the eyes of Kahai) appears as a sea goddess in the Pele family. The fruits pulp became the sun, its seeds became the stars, and its juice became the rain. Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links. I love how that ties in with some theories which state that all mythology around the world began as geneology of the earliest families of the region, with those figures and their deeds becoming so embellished over time that they were regarded as gods. THANK YOU for subscribing to and liking my new blog . Thanks! I will be covering the full story of Hiiaka and her quest on my upcoming page on neglected epics. Silly! I say! You have brought Pele to any new devotees. Tagged as Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian mythology, Lono, Myths and Folktales, Pele. KANE The chief of the Hawaiian trinity, which also consists of his brothers Lonoand Ku. Incredible work youve done here. What Ive read so far is incredibly thorough and such a diverse range of topics . In Samoa, hes known as Tagaloa, who fished up the stone from the bottom of the ocean, which became the first land. But for some, moo are more than myth. You are a treasure! More than 150 years before Charles Darwin wrote The Origin of the Speciesafter visiting the Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian kahunas (or priests) recited an ancient creation chant the epic Kumulipo which traced humanitys origins to a cosmic night, and established the concept of biological evolution. Thats my advice pal. The Hawaiian fertility goddess, Haumea has various forms and identity in mythologies. This is my favorite of all your mythology posts. for revisiting. Success and tennis aside, its always inspiring to see such a commitment to family and a thankful heart. Pele was sometimes referred to as Madame Pele or Tutu Pele - the goddess of fire, wind, volcanoes, and lightning. For Hawaiians, he was the god of squidsometimes an octopus dwelling in the depths of the ocean. The 8 islands are all volcanoes that run along a fault line, some of which . Interesting but I am looking for information on a jointed statue I have of a woman carrying a boat on her back with the words adventure, travel, explore, learn on her body. Really loved learning about Hiiaka. THIS IS SO INCREDIBLY COOL! She gave this tree to humans with the warning to never shake the tree to get fish to fall but instead wait for the fish to ripen and fall on their own. The Hawaiian god of the ocean and winds, Kanaloa was Kane's younger brother. Pele - (Hawaiian) Goddess of Fire, Volcanoes, and Wind ; Sachmis - (Egyptian . Hawaiian gods are even more awesome than Greek or Egyptian! Im sending her the link to this post. READ MORE: 21 Tahiti Photos to Fuel Your Island Fantasies. The union tamed both of their violent natures and they fell deeplyin love with each other. Oh when will we stop fearing the colorful and amazing past history of these islands?! Myth is often mo'olelo. You made these like the Greek gods for impact. This is one awesome blog article. When the egg broke, it became the heaven and the earth. Nalani: This name denotes even girls can rule the world. I added you to my favorites! The flowers as well as the songs sung during the hula dance are dedicated to Laka. Thank you! Another story details Namakas treatment of her sister Pele and her family: Namaka angrily tried to oust them from every place where they settled until Pele finally overcame her. He takes human form, commonly as a high chief, and a cliff overlooking the crater of Kilauea is sacred to him. I appreciate that and Ill have a lot more neglected pantheons coming in the days ahead. Thank you for this nice comment! One legend tells of a sledding competition between Poliahu and her sisters: when Pele is angered at losing the competition, she unleashes lava on the ground that Poliahu helps put out by releasing snow onto it. Who is the artist that painted the Pele picture? Humpback Whale Counts For 2023 Season Completed, We Bet You Didnt Know This Small Town In Hawaii Is The Southernmost Town In America, The 4-Mile Captain Cook Trail Leads Adventurers To A Unique Slice Of Hawaiian History. Compared to Kane, Lono and Ku, not much information is known. Pele was the Hawaiian goddess of fire, wind and lightning, who lived in the crated of Kilauea Volcano. CHOCTAW DEITIES https://glitternight.com/2012/06/03/the-top-twelve-deities-in-choctaw-mythology/. However, his position of authority and roles vary from one island group to another. I have understand your stuff previous to and youre just extremely fantastic. In a Polynesian belief, Kanaloa was the primeval being who took the form of a bird and laid an egg on the primordial waters. I covered her here https://glitternight.com/2016/12/10/moana-fans-are-loving-the-tale-of-pele-and-hiiaka/, and here https://glitternight.com/2011/03/02/eleven-more-deities-from-hawaiian-mythology-2/. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nmaka&oldid=1104419570, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 August 2022, at 21:20. This is the best Ive ever read about Hawaiian gods and goddesses. (See my cross-referencing of the Samoan goddess Sina with the Hawaiian Hina, the Samoan Tii Tii with the Hawaiian Maui, and others. READ MORE:The Top 10 Polynesian Islands to Visit in the Polynesian Triangle. During his stay in Hawaii, the people eventually realized that he was a mere mortal. I cant wait to read far more from you. In fact, Ku was revered by King Kamehameha I, and his wooden statue accompanied the king in his many battles. Pingback: TOP ELEVEN DEITIES IN AZTEC MYTHS | Balladeer's Blog. Ancient Hawaiians performed religious ceremonies at their temples known as heiau. Brother to Lono and Kane and husband of Hina, Ku saved the other Hawaiian deities on numerous occasions when wars broke out. Namaka kept sending tidal waves through Pele's lands. He was the chief god of fishermen asKula-kai, orKu of the sea, and the chief god of canoe makers asK-moku-hlii. Ive subscribed to your RSS feed which must do the trick! Its calledKane-huna-moku, meaninghidden land of Kane. One legend has it that she is the creator of the islands and arguably the most well known of all the deities in Hawaiian culture. "Pele, Volcano Goddess" by Gwenhwyfar Pele, the Hawaiian volcano goddess, once thought of herself as a goddess of water. But she is also to be treated with respect. He takes human form, commonly as a high chief, and a cliff overlooking the crater of Kilauea is sacred to him. 17th 18th c . The terms ku and tu mean stability, standing tall or rising upright. Please contact us at info@GreenTravelMedia.com for more info. Many people in the tourist industry have a strong resistance to ancient Hawaiian culture. The priests also prayed to Lono for rain and an abundance of crops, especially during rainy seasons. 4. Its possible if you do an internet search where you insert the photo it might show you. Thats nice of you! Anzar, the god of rain, can be found in Berber mythology. In other Polynesian islands, Hina is called Ina, Hine, or Sina. Glad to hear it! Other qualities he shared with the wild boars he was the lord of were the ability to use his snout to dig up edible roots and find underground springs. The result is an Eden-like tropical paradise in which every step produces some new visual marvel, surrounded by brilliant flora, a gorgeous three-tiered waterfall, and historical remnants of Onomea Valleys past, including unmarked grave sites. She changed Hawaiian culture forever. She was the protector of travelers at night, and the patroness of tapa cloth beaters. Plus I plan on covering those other dieties in the next Hawaiian list I do. The gods Kane, Lono, and Ku make up the Hawaiian trinity of deities. use by kids under the age of 18 years. Tour companies such as Hawaiis Activities via Veltra offer guided adventures on the mountain. In a story involving her sisters and Pele sledding down the mountain, Lilinoe helped extinguish the fires set by Pele by releasing freezing mist across the blaze. The fruits pulp became the sun, its seeds became the stars, and its juice became the rain. Here, safe from Namakas waves, Pele is said to have taken up residence in the fires of the massive Halemaumau Crater on the Kilauea Volcano, where she continues to live today, revered by locals and shrouded in superstition. Thanks , I have just been searching for information about this topic for ages and yours is the best I have found out till now. This environmentally conscious point of view seems especially prominent on the east side of Hawaiis Big Island, whose ecologically diverse landscape features 11 of the planets 13 climactic regions. The examination of Hiiakas quest to fetch Lohiau has a few of her. I READ YOUR LIST OF 11 MORE FROM HAWAII TOO THEN CAME BACK HERE TO READ THIS FIRST ONE AGAIN! -Julia. Kanaloa is the God of Evil, Death and the Underworld. The eruption in 1881 threatened the town of Hilo, so Princess Ruth Keanolani prayed to Pele to put an end to the suffering. . . Peles mother was said to be Haumea in some versions. With the recent eruption of the Kilauea Volcano, visitors are reminded of Peles presence in the volcano, where people come to feel her spirit and pray to her. In Marquesas Islands, hes known as Ono. 8. Kane was a generally benevolent deity and human sacrifices were never offered to him. Over several millennia, as the Polynesians' forebears migrated from the Asian continent across the Pacific Islands, they likely carried with them the memory of giant lizards water monitors and crocodiles and their attendant mythology. Thank you! I hope im not in trouble for the printing but im sure one of these gods will show me kindness and forgive me. Another legend mentions that Nmaka's guardian dog, Moela is reduced to ashes when he touches Aukele (Beckwith 1970:348). Edward WozniakandBalladeers Blog,2011. I love mythology and Ive been meaning to get into Hawaiian Mythology for a while now. Te Fiti is a major character in Disney's 2016 animated feature film Moana.She is a goddess with the power to create lifean ability that she used to create the islands of Polynesia. So interesting! Offerings to Lono include fish and agricultural products. I HAD NO IDEA THAT HAWAII HAD GODS LIKE THIS!!!!! Between the 4th and 7th centuries CE, Polynesians settled in the region and introduced the worship of the four main godsKane, Ku, Lono, and Kanaloaand several lesser deities. MILU The goddess who ruled over the subterranean land of the dead which shared her name. The menehune are said to be dwarf-like people who live in the forests and hidden valleys of Hawaii and hide from humans. Your email address will not be published. HAUMEA - Hawaiian mother-goddess who was prayed to by midwives attending at the birth of children. Hes calledTanein Tahiti, New Zealand and southeastern Polynesia. Thanks for the great website youve created. 10. Mauis final adventure involved his failed attempt to gain immortality for humanity.