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Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health" by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001, with respect . Article Does MW radiation affect gene expression, apoptotic level, and cell cycle progression of human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells? In the lower SAR group, the , 1 and 2 bands were affected in the three subjects. [83] found that long-term exposure to microwave radiation (typical mobile phone, at an SAR level range of 0.170.37W/kg for 3h daily for 8months, or wireless digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone (DECT) base at an SAR level range of 0.0120.028W/kg for 8h/d for 8months) induced the synthesis of 143 proteins, including some neuronal function-associated proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glial maturation factor (GMF), apolipo protein E, heat-shock protein, cytoskeletal proteins and some proteins that are associated with metabolism in the brain. Google Scholar. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Int J Radiat Biol. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Behav Brain Res. Human SH-SY5YNB cells were exposed to 2.1GHz W-CDMA modulated microwave radiation for 24h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491W/kg. Annu Rev Physiol. Thus, Cosquer et al. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Effect on human attention of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones. However, its beneficial effects should not be ignored [26]. 2005;360:6577. 1999;4:102. 2003;80:177. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. The effects are usually . At present, due to a general consensus that the most significant parameter for . Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. WJZ wrote the paper and outlined this manuscript, LFW and XJH provided a detailed guidance throughout the article. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. 2009;27:556572. Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Synapses are special structures that are involved in the transmission of electrochemical signals between neurons in the central nervous system. [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. Most matter, including the human body, is largely . Radial arm maze performance of rats following repeated low level microwave radiation exposure. Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. Moreover, the popularization of mobile phones has made them the main source of brain exposure to radiation. Research continues on possible biological effects of exposure to RF/MW radiation from radios, cellular phones, the processing and cooking of foods, heat . Sci Total Environ. However, in rats treated with long-term exposure to radiation, neurons exhibit edema and are arranged irregularly. Choeiri C, Staines W, Miki T, Seino S, Messier C. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Protein synthesis is necessary for dendritic spine proliferation in adult brain slices. 2017;38:106976. 2010;28:445. Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. Ozben T. Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. Clin Neurophysiol. Many studies have been made on the biological effects of microwave radiation. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. The biological effects of microwave and RF are difficult to quantify, but one method, which in-volves the determination of the relation-ship between the body mass-averaged Wang et al. Cancer Res. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. J Neuro-Oncol. But microwave refers to wavelengths in microns so the. CAS After studying these effects, Hertel concluded that microwaving food leads to food degeneration. After exposure to microwave irradiation (an average power density of 30mW/m2 for 5min/d on five days a week for two consecutive months), the expression of NR2B was decreased in rats, the level of Glu was increased in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid, spatial memory ability was decreased among rats with the TT genotype, and there was no change in the CC type and TC type animals. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. 2009;158:12639. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Zhao L, Sun C, Xiong L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. [102] exposed rats to 9.15MHz microwaves (SAR: 0.4mW/g) for 2h. They found that in the cerebellum of all the exposed animals, 11 genes were up-regulated from 1.34- to 2.74-fold, and one gene was down-regulated 0.48-fold. Mitochondria morphologic changes and metabolic effects of rat hippocampus after microwave irradiation. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Othman et al. Effect of mobile radiation on health ppt . Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 2011;35:36978. pability of the body (thus, a thermal effect), whereas the standard of the U.S.S.R. and Poland are based upon the interaction of the microwave fields with the brain and central nervous system as measured by neurological or behavior effects. Per the FDA, the microwave can heat human skin. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Arch Environ Health. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. 2001;93:2037. 1 GHz and 300 GHz. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure. Cassel JC, Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter radial-maze performance in rats. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. biological effects of electromagnetic waves started to be discussed. Physiol Behav. Numerous studies have shown that increased acetylcholine is related to promotion of the effect of glucose on memory [112,113,114]. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline? The normal function of synaptic vesicles depends on the normal expression of related proteins. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2013;34:26474. It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons. Biological effects of 2450 MHz microwave combined with -rays on rat cultured gliacytes. 2008;169:3845. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans. Their answers to questionnaires showed that the workers suffered from symptoms including headaches, fatigue, stress and sleeplessness. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. Electromagn Biol Med. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Aksen F, Bashan M, Buyukbayram H. Does 900 MHZ GSM mobile phone exposure affect rat brain? The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. [97] found that long-term exposure to 900MHz radiation decreased the level of rno-miR107and that the whole body (rms) SAR value was 0.0369W/kg, bridging the gap in the interaction between radio frequency radiation (FR) and miRNAs. Lnn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. Neurologic and biochemical findings and CD4/CD8 ratio in people occupationally exposed to RF and microwave. Microwaves can influence mitochondria by damaging their structure [45], reducing ATP levels and affecting the activity of relevant enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome coxidase (COX) [119,120,121]. Location of gliomas in relation to mobile telephone use: a case-case and case-specular analysis. Electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed by organisms, in which it causes a series of physiological and functional changes. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. 2002;13:11921. Pathophysiology. Concurrently, the discovery that microwaves have positive biological effects has presented new challenges for research and applications in this field. Vorobyov V, Janac B, Pesic V, Prolic Z. Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. 2009;4:e4389. Xiong L, Sun CF, Zhang J, Gao YB, Wang LF, Zuo HY, et al. Merola P, Marino C, Lovisolo G, Pinto R, Laconi C, Negroni A. Merola et al. Joubert et al. Thurczy G, Kubinyi G, Bodo M, Bakos J, Szabo L. Simultaneous response of brain electrical activity (EEG) and cerebral circulation (REG) to microwave exposure in rats. An increase in anxiety-related behaviors and a decrease in depression-related behavior were observed in both female and male offspring. Article Curr Opin Neurobiol. CAS Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . Springer Nature. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. Based on this background, in this review, we first summarized the effects of microwave radiation on the central nervous system, including the epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and mechanisms of underlying brain dysfunction from the perspective of synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Gene. NR2B plays a key role in LTP and was decreased from the 3rd to the 18th month post-treatment, and long-term exposure to high doses of radiation may therefore damage cognitive functions. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. J Pharm Sci. PubMed Central Google Scholar. 2012;31:25074. PLoS One. Neurosci Lett. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition, Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone, International agency for research on cancer, Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, Scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks. 2012;112:1715. Gibson GE, Jope R, Blass J. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. [59] exposed Wistar albino pregnant rats to a 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2h/d throughout the gestation period and found that the neurodevelopment, cerebral stress equilibrium and cholinesterase activity of the offspring were affected. JAMA. A metabolomic approach to screening urinary metabolites upon microwave exposure in monkeys. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Ahmed R, Abegaonkar MP. Part of [27] found that college students visual reaction times were significantly shorter after 10min of phone-induced microwave radiation. Dasdag et al. After exposure to microwave radiation, during synaptic structural plasticity, presynaptic vesicles accumulate or empty, mitochondria are damaged, postsynaptic membranes are perforated, postsynaptic lengths and postsynaptic density distributions are abnormal, mossy fiber growth is inhibited during learning and memory functions, dendritic filopodial densities and activities are decreased, and there is a significant reduction of the dendritic spine density and dendritic fragment length [62]. Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Lizio R, Fallani FV, Blinowska K, Verrienti G, et al. However, these experimental results remain to be supported in repeated experiments [40,41,42]. eliminating microwave and RF sources. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. PubMed Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. Brain Res. Gold PE. The results showed that at 6h, 1 d and 3 d after exposure, the groups in which the average power density was 10mW/cm2 or 50mW/cm2 displayed significant deficits in spatial learning and memory. Mil Med Sci. Chin J Birth Health Hered. Iran J Public Health. Sharma A, Sisodia R, Bhatnagar D, Saxena VK. 2005;1042:1018. 2002;57:2702. Nature. Vakalopoulos C. The EEG as an index of neuromodulator balance in memory and mental illness. Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. . This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Google Scholar. The results suggested that chronic non-modulated, but not modulated, microwave radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain [77]. The direct cause of the observed neuronal damage may have been apoptosis induced by the microwave radiation, and an indirect cause may have been an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would allow the traversal of toxic substances that could cause damage. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Myhrer T. Neurotransmitter systems involved in learning and memory in the rat: a meta-analysis based on studies of four behavioral tasks. BOOTP and DHCP.ppt anik301. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Radiat Res. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. 2008;86:718. Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. After 28days, the levels of Glu and Tau in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were lower, indicating that the cognitive damage induced by microwave radiation is associated with a decrease in Glu [66, 67]. 2005;161:3314. Damage to learning abilities and reduction of glucose utilization in the limbic system of adult rats are closely linked [109]. In addition, another study showed that significant psychiatric symptoms were observed in people who worked in these areas. Interphone study group. 2010;473:525. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to mobile phones in general populations. It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. Ongwijitwat S, Wong-Riley MT. Neurobiol Learn Mem. The results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information. Yale J Biol Med. Chin J Radiol Med Prot. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. One reason for this difference may be that the water maze experiment is driven by aversion, whereas the arm maze experiment is driven by appetite. Wang H, Peng R, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Wang L, Hu X, Peng R. Influence of long-term microwave radiation on contents of amino acids and monoamines in urine of Wistar rats. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. The results showed that 2.1GHz W-CDMA-modulated microwave radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but altered cell cycle progression [79]. Neurobiol Learn Mem. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. This classical method is often used to test learning and memory abilities after exposure to microwave radiation. Hans Hertel, a Swiss food scientist, initiated the first tests on microwaved food and microwave cooking to determine how microwaves affect human physiology and the blood. Neuroreport. Mack et al. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Messier C, Durkin T, Mrabet O, Destrade C. Memory-improving action of glucose: indirect evidence for a facilitation of hippocampal acetylcholine synthesis. 2012;35:32534. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;70:84555. [61] found that after pregnant rats were irradiated with 9.417GHz microwaves, the behavior of their offspring differed, and the outcome was sex-dependent. Calabr E, Magaz S. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Sleep Res. LTP induction involves a signal transduction cascade that includes the release of glutamate from synaptic vesicles, activation of NMDAR at postsynaptic membranes, entry of Ca2+, and activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) II, IV and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [71]. Rev Environ Health. While microwave oven radiation doesn't cause cancer, it can cause painful burns if you're exposed to them. Brain Res. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. However,. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in In 57% of military devices, Polish soldiers work in occupational protection zones. 2002;64:31353. Zhang et al. [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. Glucose is the main energy source and is closely related to brain neurotransmitters and cholesterol synthesis [106]. Most of the workers recovered when they left the source of microwave radiation. Previous studies have produced a large amount of information, and some progress has been made in theory, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully determined, and many points are still disputed. 1984;5:6370. Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time. Brain electrical activity originates from the membrane potential of the neuron itself and the fluctuation in membrane potential. Zhao et al. Myung SK, Ju W, McDonnell DD, Lee YJ, Kazinets G, Cheng CT, et al. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. J Neuro. CAS Synapse. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. The function of dendritic spines: devices subserving biochemical rather than electrical computation. J Neurosci. Nat Med. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter 12-arm radial-maze with reduced access to spatial cues in rats. In the cell experiments, the T allele was significantly more vulnerable to microwaves than the C allele with regard to its transcription factor binding ability and the transcriptional activity and mRNA and protein expression of NR2B. Ning W, Chiang H, Yang W. Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippocampal neurons. After exposure, the levels of 2 waves in the hypothalamus increased more than those in the cortex, leading to a significant reduction in the deviation of the two EGGs. PubMed Google Scholar. Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. increased with the growing in the number of devices that used the Microwave frequencies in. 2009;63:10106. 2006;98:170713. PubMed Chandrasekaran K, Hatanp K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. 2004;155:3743. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. 1 Microwave radiation may also lead to skin cancer/health problems when we are within the radius of a cell phone tower in a certain specified limited distance. 2007;210:63544. 2010;2010. Of the numerous studies performed to explore the effects of mobile communication devices on humans, only a few have shown that cell phones and brain tumors are statistically correlated. The results demonstrated the ability of electric magnetic field (EMF) to influence plasma melatonin and serotonin concentrations in radar workers. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. However, other reports have indicated that unlike ionizing radiation, the microwave radiation produced by mobile phones does not possess sufficient energy to directly damage DNA. A radio frequency electric current enhances antibiotic efficacy against bacterial biofilms. Statistically significant changes were detected in the EEG- bands of six individuals and in the 1 and 2 bands of four subjects in the higher SAR group. CAS Sareesh et al. 2015;56:2618. The results indicated that repeated low-level exposure to extremely low frequency microwaves affects brain functioning and provide an additional approach to analyzing the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the central nervous system is considered one of the most sensitive organs that is targeted by microwave radiation [1, 2]. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. 2004;115:1490505. Chin J Indus Hyg. Decreased expression of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes of oxidative phosphorylation in association neocortex in Alzheimer disease. Int J Radiat Biol. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. Neuroscience. 2014;12:75. Of these, five rats were repeatedly exposed to extremely low-frequency microwaves (915MHz; pulse width, 20ms; average power density, 0.3mW/cm2; repetition frequency, 4.0Hz; intermittently for 1min, On for 1min, and Off for 10min; SAR, 0.7mW/g) and 5 were in the sham group. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. Qutob et al. millimeter, or equivalently. frequency range from 1GHz to 10^6 GHz. In communications, the microwaves come from mobile phones and their base stations and microwave links, in addition to cordless phones, terrestrial trunked radios, blue tooth devices, wireless local area networks and many other applications. J Clin Oncol. The three groups were further divided into two groups according to their years of service (up to 10years and >10years) to investigate the effect of years of exposure to radar. Biomed Environ Sci. Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schz J. Privacy [14] found that gliomas are not preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest exposure. The fields had an average power density of 0, 5, 10 or 50mW/cm2. Mol Neurobiol. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. 1994;15:95104. The progeny brain oxidative balance and serum biochemistry, such as phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, triglycerides and calcium levels, were disrupted [60].