Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. Women still could not vote. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 75RockiCr ? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Johnson versus Congress. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. Why of why not? Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. TQSCQIf@*$ Only in South Carolina. What happened to white small farmers during this time? The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream CAm? Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Which group was still not aloud to vote? Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. In addition, the teacher should review the interactive maps included as part of this lesson and download the Text Document for Activity 1 and the Text Document for Activity 2, which will include all needed source material and worksheets. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. The impeachment of Johnson. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? (southern Democrats). While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# Think. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Andrew Johnson. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. They passed two bills. He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. 109 0 obj <> endobj %%EOF He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. %PDF-1.5 % Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? B 9. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next pF{:RTV Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o The speeches backfired. Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Select all that apply. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Who was it supposed to help? Was corruption now any less? They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. Much of the South lay in ruins with Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army.