Most of these movements are realized when we run. The latissimus dorsi is a large back muscle responsible for the bulk of adduction of the arm (pulling the arm to the sides of . Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm. There are numerous muscles in this compartment. The genioglossus (genio = chin) originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward. Both these muscles are known as the punching muscles as they contribute to radial deviation of the wrist, which is essential for boxers. remember this mnemonic: Aortic hiatus=12 letters =T12 Esophageal =10 letters= T10 Vena cava = 8 letters = T8 It also spreads the digits aparts during extension of the MP joints. The muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. The insertions of these muscles have fibers intertwined with connective tissue and the dermis of the skin. insertion: mediar aspect of humerus, Origin posterior border of iliac crest The tendon is kept close to the bones by a series of flexor tendon sheaths, which lubricate the tendon and prevent bowstringing (excessive loss of proximal pulley). The nerve supply comes from the upper and lower subscapular. Its supinating effect are maximal when the elbow is extended. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? The abductor pollicis brevis acts to abduct the thumb and is also innervated by the median nerve. Finally, the scalenes include the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. Muscle Name or Group Origin Insertion Action. SITS; TISS; Mnemonic. All rights reserved. Lumbricals:These are worm like muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. It acts to extend the pinky as well as the wrist. The orbicularis oris is a circular muscle that moves the lips, and the orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle that closes the eye. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. Although the tongue is obviously important for tasting food, it is also necessary for mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech (Figure 11.4.5 and Figure 11.4.6). The erector spinae comprises the iliocostalis (laterally placed) group, the longissimus (intermediately placed) group, and the spinalis (medially placed) group. Many muscles are attached to bones at either end via tendons. origin: along spinus process of vertebrae and occipital bone See at a glance which muscle is innervated by which nerve. You can listen to the song below, and then take the free major muscle quiz. Axial muscles originate on the axial skeleton (the bones in the head, neck, and core of the body), whereas appendicular muscles originate on the bones that make up the bodys limbs. It can be observed when a patient circumducts (circle movement) the affected upper limb. Because of its mobility, the tongue facilitates complex speech patterns and sounds. In other words, there is a muscle on the forehead (frontalis) and one on the back of the head (occipitals). For this reason, the anatomy of the upper limb from the aspect of muscles will be reviewed topographically. The transversospinales include the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Narrower than semimembranosus The insertion is usually distal,. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. A. Muscles of the Head and Neck. The muscle acts primarily as a supinator of the forearm, as well as a flexor of the elbow. It acts to support the extensor digitorum muscle in extending the index finger and wrist. The first grouping of the axial muscles you will review includes the muscles of the head and neck, then you will review the muscles of the vertebral column, and finally you will review the oblique and rectus muscles. Test your knowledge on the muscles of the hand with the following quiz. This muscle chart eBook covers the following regions: This eBook contains high-quality illustrations and validated information about each muscle. Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Differentiate between origin and insertion, as well as proximal and distal, Explain how agonists, antagonists and synergists work together to control muscle movement. For example, that same muscle, the biceps brachii, performs flexion at the elbow, in which the elbow is the joint. The opponens digiti minimi arises from the hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle:This muscle is located in the intermediate layer and has two heads. The lower fibersare responsible forelevation and depression. Place your fingers on both sides of the neck and turn your head to the left and to the right. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon, Next: 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Moves eyes up and toward nose; rotates eyes from 1 oclock to 3 oclock, Common tendinous ring (ring attaches to optic foramen), Moves eyes down and toward nose; rotates eyes from 6 oclock to 3 oclock, Moves eyes up and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 12 oclock to 9 oclock, Surface of eyeball between inferior rectus and lateral rectus, Moves eyes down and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 6 oclock to 9 oclock, Suface of eyeball between superior rectus and lateral rectus, Maxilla arch; zygomatic arch (for masseter), Closes mouth; pulls lower jaw in under upper jaw, Superior (elevates); posterior (retracts), Opens mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Inferior (depresses); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Closes mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Superior (elevates); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Draws tongue to one side; depresses midline of tongue or protrudes tongue, Elevates root of tongue; closes oral cavity from pharynx. It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. A rotator cuff tear presents with general pain with overhead activities and may present with night pain. Copyright It is available for free. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. For origins and insertions, I learned the exceptions in each compartment/the ones that stick out. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | Action, Origin, Insertion & Location, How to Perform a Visual Assessment in Massage Therapy. Extensor digitorum muscle:This muscle lies in the extensor compartment and arises from the lateral epicondyle. This website provides entertainment value only, not medical advice or nursing protocols. The hand is truly the epitome of anatomical complexity. Insertion: greater trochanter on the back of the femur The Peripheral Nervous System, Chapter 18. Muscles of the shoulder and upper limb can be divided into four groups: muscles that stabilize and position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm, and muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers. It is also capable of weakly supinating and pronating the forearm. View Origin and Insertion points as a layer map Origin and Insertion points are available as a layer of the Skeletal System, which show a map of all attachment points across the full skeleton. The intrinsic muscles of the hand contain the origin and insertions within the carpal and metacarpal bones. As the muscles pass anteriorly to the MP joints and insert they cause flexion of the MP joint and extension of the IP joints. It has a long head and a short head. Agonists, or prime movers, are responsible for the bulk of the action. Origin: Ischial tuberosity The tendon of the muscle passes in its own tunnel to enter the palm and it inserts onto the base of the 1st distal phalanx. Most common manifestations are pain, swelling, and deformity at the joint. The geniohyoid depresses the mandible in addition to raising and pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly. The palmar aponeurosis helps resist shearing forces applied to the palm, such as climbing and tool use. Extrinsic tongue muscles insert into the tongue from outside origins, and the intrinsic tongue muscles insert into the tongue from origins within it. The muscles of the anterior neck assist in deglutition (swallowing) and speech by controlling the positions of the larynx (voice box), and the hyoid bone, a horseshoe-shaped bone that functions as a foundation on which the tongue can move. Raise your eyebrows as if you were surprised and lower your eyebrows as if you were frowning. #shorts #anatomy. The muscles are named after their functions, with the flexor muscle lateral most, the abductor medial most, and the opponens muscle lying deep. Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-7 Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm, Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm, Origin: thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus (spirals from your back under your arm) Action: adducts humerus (pulls shoulder back and down), Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Laterally rotates and adducts arm, stabilizes shoulder joint, Origin: Long head; superior margin of glenoid fossa Short Head; Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial Tuberosity Action: Flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand, Origin: Anterior, distal surface of humerus Insertion: coronoid process of ulna Action: Flexes forearm, Origin: Infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process, tuberosity of ulna Action: Extends and adducts arm, extends forearm, Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: styloid process of radius Action: Flexes forearm, Origin: Symphysis Pubis (inferior ramus of pubis) 3 in extensor compartment of arm: 3 heads of triceps (long, medial, lateral), 3 thenar muscles: abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis (+adductor pollicis), 3 hypothenar muscles: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minmi (+palmaris brevis), 3 metacarpal muscles: dorsal interossei, palmar interossei, lumbricals, 3 abductors of digits: dorsal interossei, abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, Flexor carpi radialis muscle (cross-sectional view) -National Library of Medicine, Superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis muscle (ventral view) -Yousun Koh, Lumbrical muscles of the hand (ventral view) -Yousun Koh. Validated and aligned with popular anatomy textbooks, these muscle cheat sheets are packed with high-quality illustrations. Memorizethe superficial forearm flexors usingthe followingmnemonic! Latissimus dorsi muscle :This is a large, fan shaped superficial muscle which has a large area of origin. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The masseter muscle is the prime movermuscle for chewing because it elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and it is assisted by the temporalis muscle, which retracts the mandible. It acts to draw the scapula lateral, forward, downward, and stabilizes the scapula. 31 Decks -. Rhomboid major muscle:This is a ribbon like rhomboid shaped muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the T2-T5 (T = thoracic) vertebraeand inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. L: lateral two lumbricals. The muscle also forms the medial border of the cubital fossa. The longus is innervated by the radial nerve and the brevis by the posterior interosseous branch. Take advantage of the following mnemonic to make your life a little easier! The Cardiovascular System: Blood, Chapter 19. As these attachments of the brachialis are similar in nature to those of the biceps brachii, so is its action. Important in the stabilization of the vertebral column is the segmental muscle group, which includes the interspinales and intertransversarii muscles. They'll teach you everything you need to know about attachments, innervations and functions. This deep muscle arises from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts onto the medial surface of the humeral diaphysis (shaft). They both arise from the medial epicondyle, with the radialis inserting onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and the ulnaris into the pisiform, hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal. These muscles can extend the head, laterally flex it, and rotate it (Figure 11.4.8). The common extensor origin is the lateral epicondyle. There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. To easily remember the three origins of the deltoid, use the mnemonic provided below. The acronym for the rotator cuff is S.I.T.S. Muscular contraction produces an action, or a movement of the appendage. This is where the rotator cuff muscles become inflamed and impinged as they pass through the subacromial space. The muscle has a frontal belly and an occipital belly (near the occipital bone on the posterior part of the skull). The back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column, and are grouped according to the lengths and direction of the fascicles. Resulting in the inability to straighten the digit. Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. It is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch.