Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. mycoses. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? cytokines. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? 1. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. the . Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. 1 0 obj Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. tuberculosis Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. Define the viscosity and osmolarity of blood. MHC "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. Which type of disease is this? She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. The site-specific document that describes how UNLV complies with the BBP standard is the. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. C Fungi Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. C. collagenase <>>> is part of the inflammatory response. 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. active 7. During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. IgG Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. C Athlete's foot and ringworm Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? (d) affinity. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. They are both forms of active immunity. (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. Nb['hm Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? Why will a diverging (convex) mirror never produce a real image? Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? interferon Section: 07.02. Section: 07.04. Include a diagram in your explanation. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. :lL2ti+KXP? T cells can recognize antigens because they *IgE antibody levels rise in an parasite infection and would therefore be higher than normal. IgA B Fungi ____ 1. You also discover that it targets liver cells. malaria, AIDS thymus and bone marrow sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. HCG creating interferon. A. Candida to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. 3. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. *People with allergies produce ten times more IgE than those people without allergies. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. The risk of HIV/AIDS transmission from a needle stick is approximately _____ percent. 18. Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? D antibodies. PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? hay fever D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? thyroid and tonsils B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? Section: 07.04 This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response (b) How do they differ? {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? TCR B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form possess specific receptors. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. B. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. Which of the following are most likely to be. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? neutral, passive False, False Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? C Intestinal disorders *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. general You also discover that it targets liver cells. which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _____, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _____, and the impact . A Mononucleosis Apply. Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin Which pathogen is most virulent? Is salt and pepper a heterogeneous mixture? B Bacteria MTBE and gasoline leak from old tanks, then the MTBE dissolved into water and moves through soils into groundwater. 29. Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 1: Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. B Mumps and measles Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? Which type of disease is this? *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. They are both forms of passive immunity. cell-mediated Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 106 particles. C infection. Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> *It is true that cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? A . eosinophils (b) Period of illness = pathogen is multiplying and reaches it maximum Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. answer choices virus bacteria fungus parasite/protist Question 3 30 seconds Q. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. histamine ____ 1. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? How much to the bowl? Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. Neglect energy transfers with the environment. In this context, this means *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestines? *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. a. Which indirect object pronoun correctly completes the answer? A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. (proficiency; vagrancy). Which pathogen is most virulent? Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? a vaccination. C Yeast infection If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. sebaceous secretions B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. 10. An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. B Virus A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. %PDF-1.5 become plasma cells. *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. antibodies. *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. 26. Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. True or False 3. Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. Likewise, hand washing does not eliminate the need for the use of gloves. In an infection, a microorganism enters a host and begins to multiply. True Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. True How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? a type of white blood cell have enzymes which react with antigens. causing them to burst. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. You have recently identified a new toxin. Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx 24. Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? - cross blood placenta barrier 35. They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. is composed of normal flora. The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. mucous membranes True b. Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. If racing at sea level, find the velocity this cyclist can maintain. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. Viruses are treated with antibiotics. Universal response b. 22. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. ##Qmv&,! involves chemical barriers to entry. intact skin It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. True 21. a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. inactivating their ribosomes. *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. C Fungus OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. 25. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. Suppose X is Poisson distributed with parameter =2.\lambda=2.=2. rheumatic fever red blood cells, macrophages basophils and macrophages Rhino virus True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. a. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: -Cough etiquette helper T cell agglutinating them. although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Calculate the outside air temperature. A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. 3 0 obj 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. Section: 07.04. The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. -Hand washing P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! rheumatoid arthritis (f) gel filtration. Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. True (b) How do they differ? *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. causing them to burst. *The Major Histocompatibility Complex antigens must match to avoid rejection of the transplant. C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. They are both forms of active immunity. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? False 2. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? 2. histamine. A Bacteria She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. - it is an opportunistic pathogen they are lost as we age. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. C Viruses i0g:M&$"w I4EBKLVE^Jqrv>A5N\ Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. It promotes blood clotting. neutral, active, active, passive antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form 30. - B cells - antibodies - T-Cells - inflammation 2 See answers Advertisement D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. Microbe c. Protozoa b. Bacteria d. Fungii ____ 2. All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? adaptive, innate a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question 2. <> In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. a. pathogens they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body As a mountain erodes, sediment can accumulate in a nearby _____. Workplace Bloodborne Pathogens Toll-Free 1-877-922-7233 Program #07-108 www.osha-safety-training.net Employee Training Quiz - Workplace Bloodborne Pathogens 1. D. fimbriae, 14. neutrophils and macrophages Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. possess specific receptors. Explain why each of these is important for human survival. False, True A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? C. It is an example of an adhesin. Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? It acts as a spreading factor. TCR, BCR What type of response is this? ", "According the Centers for Disease Control, how many people living in the United States suffer from chronic HBV? 33. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Ability to damage the host The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? True or false: False, True The EPS can act as an absorbent, reducing the amount of antibiotic that can attack the bacterial cells. The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? helps other immune responses. B. capsule *(e) gel permeation. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." What does this mean for the movement of this chemical through the environment? IgA, IgM A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain 3. False, False As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). True 4. 17. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? D. Giardia. *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? - produces protease. *The four signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. B red blood cells. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Under these conditions, which antibody levels would be higher than normal? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. Consider an airplane flying at a pressure altitude of 33,500 ft and a density altitude of 32,000 ft. Find P(X = k) for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3. Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? Noise Term rheumatoid arthritis The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. 15. B Measles Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. B fungus. 11. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?".