ux problem statement example

The number one cause of startup failure is the lack of a real need in the market, according to a recent post-mortem on startups. Image by d.School of Design. Be absolutely as specific as possible. Example Hypothesis: Adding a colour filter would make it easier for users to find the right products. User scenarios describe the user's motivations for being onsite (their task or goal) and/or a question they need answered, and suggest . Problem Statement. By the end of this course, you will be able to: - Apply each step of the UX design process (empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test) to create designs focused on social good. Design thinking process. Define the size of the market and the . December 12, 2018 . A meaningful, actionable problem statement will steer you in the right direction, helping you to kick-start the ideation process (see Stage Three of the Design Thinking process) and work your way towards a solution. Defining user personas, user stories, scenarios ... A problem statement is a way to explain the problems users need your UX design to solve and why. Shopping for jeans and other form-fitting apparel online could be time-consuming. A problem statement addresses an area that has gone wrong. Include the pertinent information from the test plan and present just enough detail so that the method is identifiable. What is affected* •sentenced inmates Occurring Where* •our facility Current •screened during medical appointments only Ideal •all sentenced inmates screened at arrival & every 6 months When/Who UX Daily: Browse all topics | Interaction Design ... Make sure you proofread your statement for grammar and spelling before sending it off, and if you feel you need a little extra help, take a look at our personal statement editing services . I don't know how to write my dissertation good conclusion for othello essay essay on are paper books better than ebooks research paper on public art. Questions about your behavior. Haikus, for those who are unfamiliar, are Japanese poems consisting of 17 syllables. Continuous improvement happens when root causes are found and permanently eliminated. UX Case Study Template - React App The problem statement is a statement that initiates the process by recognizing the problem. A problem statement is documentation of a problem or opportunity for improvement. At its heart, Lean UX is about letting the validation of hypotheses guide the work of the design team. 1 / 1 point. An effective and strong needs statement must resonate logically in a funder's mind. Design Thinking: How to Create Your POV (Part 4 ... In this article, Chris Bank of UXPin - The UX Design App discusses the importance of user input design patterns and details examples from some of the hottest websites and web apps today - more examples of these patterns and over 50 additional web design patterns are covered in detail in UXPin's free e-book, Web UI Design Patterns 2014. How to Write a Problem Statement (with Pictures) - wikiHow How to craft better problem statements for your design project "Customers need this product because it would allow them to access their textbooks on their phone.". Instead of approaching design decisions with pure instinct and arguments in conference rooms, form a testable statement, invite users, define metrics, collect data and draw a conclusion. Top 21 UX Interview Questions to Ask Your Next Hire | Dribbble But in interest of time, I'll just pick one challenge: Designing flexibly and responsively. Synthesis - 10 minutes 19. 6+ Problem Statement Examples & Samples in PDF I woud like to use that example in one of my upcoming workshops. In writing one, you must discuss what the problem is, why it's a problem in the first place, and how you propose it should be fixed. This is the fun part where you combine your user, needs and insight into a concise POV statement. Problems statements aren't requirements or solution designs. Finding out what this is requires us to go deeper than just surface level. Hypothesis testing is at the heart of modern statistical thinking and a core part of the Lean methodology. This is a classic Design Thinking activity—and simple, to boot. Stay safe These days! She works with . I'm co-facilitating a corporate workshop in a few days around Lean UX Hypothesis building to accelerate the discovery (Gate 0) stage of the Stage-Gate® process. - Understand progressive enhancement and graceful degradation approaches for designing . Purpose of this step. It is called 'How might . Forming a problem statement that is succinct is an important part of this phase that ensures a human-centered approach by focusing on the end-user. Putting Personas to Work in UX Design: What They Are and ... For example, [Alieda, a multitasking, tech-savvy mother of 2] needs [to quickly and confidently compare options without leaving her comfort zone] in order to . Lean UX Canvas V2 So what's new? It is a visualisation of data presenting the level of customer satisfaction and engagement where areas which need improvement were pointed out. This statement is poorly-written because it mentions your product and does not elaborate on a challenge that your customers are facing. What is affected* •sentenced inmates Occurring Where* •our facility Current •screened during medical appointments only Ideal •all sentenced inmates screened at arrival & every 6 months When/Who Problem Statement in Design Thinking - Definition, Example you are designing and then going a step further and placing your users—not yourself or the CEO—at the center of the . Basically, it's a clear, concise description of the issues that need to be addressed and it is used to center and focus the team at the very beginning to stay on track. Writing "How Might We" notes (or HMWs) is often practiced as a collaborative exercise by teams at the beginning of a project or strategic initiative. Problem statements are helpful to Problem Statement Haiku is a creative hack I have used to reframe problems during dozens of innovation and UX projects. Feel free to customize them for use in your own argumentative essay. Look for aspects of the statement to complete the sentence, "How might we…" It is often helpful to brainstorm the HMW questions before the solutions brainstorm. Keep the sections short, use tables . What exactly is a problem statement? Thanks for your very helpful list of activities!!! User experience (UX) design is becoming a business differentiator. Reporting Usability Test Results. UX Design Interview Questions - All About Your Work. Team must present a single problem statement to the entire group. This statement can be used to design a solution. So choose one of the following, decide on a mobile or desktop solution, and then keep asking questions. Includes best practices, examples, and a free problem statement template at the bottom. Finding jeans that fit. Context: The problem statement is drawn from steps which come from activities which come from a user role. In 2. Questions about your goals. We must identify how user experience can help make companies successful with an effective strategy that is aligned with business strategy. More and more people are talking about User Experience (UX) and how it can be a differentiator in a crowded marketplace or a selling point for B2B digital services.At its core, UX is about considering the needs of the people who will be using the product (website, app, etc.) The problem itself is very specific: "each data center wastes millions of dollars in energy each year.". Use Data And Comparative Statistics. User personas help designers shape product strategy and accompany during the usability testing sessions. Without further ado… 100 Example UX Problems. A badly written customer problem statement. Putting data points in context establishes a story, giving it more meaning. Ap language and composition synthesis essay 2018. Shortly before I joined mobile.de (an eBay owned automotive platform in Germany with millions of visits per month) a smart product manager had an idea: The iPhone app should be redesigned not only to match current visual design guidelines and trends but also to get rid of usability issues . Welcome to the second video on the Design Thinking process. A problem statement in the Design Thinking process (which is what we use for UX design) is often described as a "user needs statement", described in the following format: As a (user) I need (need) so that (goal). Why it changed: There wasn't enough clarity around what exactly a good business problem is and how it should be worded. In this ar t icle, I attempt to explain these 10 rules in common language with examples: 1. The end of this article lists some resources that provide a good starting point. For example, perhaps you staked out in front of a coffee shop or emailed a list of customers to schedule phone calls, include a photo of the process. When reporting results from a usability test, you should focus primarily on your findings and recommendations that are differentiated by levels of severity. So, instead of focusing on what the company might need to do, the definition stage of the design thinking process should help state what the user needs as a way of defining the problem. Lean UX is an approach to designing and crafting user experiences. This box is designed to help the team articulate what . These are then combined following the pattern [A user] needs [need] in order to accomplish [goal]. Problem Statement Example Gap: Sentenced inmates are not being screened for SUD in our facility. Researchers can empathize with the user, while clearly defining the user problem. Download our free ebook The Basics of User Experience Design to learn about core concepts of UX design. For example, let's say you are building an e-commerce site for a client. For another example, users need to cooperate with others when using the product (like game products). 6. Step 3: Form Your POV Statement. The process of the defined problem statement is part of the second stage of the design thinking process. Similar to problem statements, we have point of view statements which; according to the Interaction Design Foundation are "a meaningful and actionable problem statement, which will allow you to ideate in a goal-oriented manner." The information to create a POV statement comes from listening to your users' thoughts and opinions when in the empathy stage of design thinking, and the results . Period. If your needs statement does not align with the goals of the funder, you may need to consider pursuing a different funding opportunity. Listen for the UX designer to describe it as a user-centered design approach, a process. 2. Researchers can empathize with the user, while clearly defining the user problem. smart home. This is an obvious improvement to the first example but it still has problems. Briefly describe the questions that you asked the users or the task that you asked . Find your way around a new city. To construct problem statements, focus on who the problem affects, how it does so . Jordan's expertise spans across brand strategy, service design, and UX. Without a well-defined problem statement, it's hard to know what you're aiming for. Problem Statements 2 articles . A design problem statement is an essential step in the design process for creating products that truly matter. Problem Statement & Assumptions As I mentioned in 4 Common Mistakes UX Designers Should Avoid During Product Design Process , whenever your team encounters a problem statement, focus on "Why . Mad Lib time! As such, it must be accurate and clearly written. Explain your problem. Today I will share with you a way you can define your problem statement. We could of course identify further assumptions but that will be true of pretty much any hypothesis. Researchers can craft potential user problems from a designer's point of view. 5. In 9 chapters, we'll cover: conducting user interviews, design thinking, interaction design, mobile UX design, usability, UX research, and many more! Writing this s. Or: (Situation) is a challenge for (user) because (cause). Related: Analytical Skills: Definitions and Examples. . Defining the . For example, consider The problem statement. Unfortunately, there is often a disconnect between what a brand wants their webpages to look like and what will actually contribute to a positive UX. This ensures that your UX case study is short and sweet, since recruiters usually spend no more than 5 minutes reading your case study. This stage is preceded by a phase called empathize, which involves the identification and observation of . Problem 4: Wireframes Are Harder To Complete Clearly identify your target market. It helps identify potential root causes and eliminate bias and noise. This template is a good starting point for helping you think through your users' problems and, ultimately, arrive at meaningful problem statements. Dot vote on the 1 strongest problem statement (or combine them, but don't exceed 1 paragraph). In other words, whatever one writes, says, or even does can be regarded as a simple statement. For example: As Tim Brown, president, and CEO of IDEO, a famed global design consultancy describes it: "'Design thinking' is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success." Every story has a conflict; a problem or obstacle that the user must overcome. Place your scenario into a template like the example below. Importance of a problem statement. Aligning UX Strategy with Business Goals. . Get a feel for what an actual test looks like with five real-life usability test examples from Shopify, Typeform, ElectricFeel, Movista, and Trint. 5. Every team select one person. 4. Questions about your work experience. The map is very clear. - Identify the differences between dedicated mobile apps and responsive web apps. In this section, we'll look into two product discovery activities our UX professionals frequently use at UX studio: Kick-off workshop; Exploratory research and user research Let's get into it: Box 1 - Business problem statement What's changed: Better and more detailed instructions along with some hints about what specifically should go in this box. Accurate problem statements save time and effort by focusing the team on root cause identification. Two considerations will save you TONS of pro. Senior management has entrusted this team with a problem statement, set short-term KPI's as goalposts for the team to strive towards and allowed them to go and execute. Place on flip chart at front of the room. Users can share feedback with researchers using open-ended statements. Learn everything you need to know to develop a Problem Statement by an Ex-McKinsey consultant. You should talk about being user-centric and focusing on user needs as the interviewer is trying to understand if you actually know the many important benefits of a user-centered approach to design. The Conflict — Problem statement. A well-stated problem statement speeds a robust corrective action process. Bust out the real-world examples and be prepared to talk about why you did what you did. Prototyping in UX projects is a vast subject, one that I constantly monitor as tools and techniques evolve. Identify a web enable access speeds things is. The use of quantitative information, made up of the most recent, relevant, and local . Sarah Bloomer, Lori Landesman, Susan J. Wolfe. Problem Statement Example Gap: Sentenced inmates are not being screened for SUD in our facility. "A problem well stated is a problem half solved." - Charles Kettering, Early 1900s American Inventor The customer problem is independent and preexisting. source: No matter how much we love our pets, we still need . A problem statement is the guidance you need to deliver a useful product. In essence, this step of the UCD process is about understanding what makes the product "useful". Succinctly summarize the problem Begin with a problem area that is challenging for a person/organization . A problem statement is an important communication tool that can help ensure everyone working on a project knows what the problem they need to address is and why the project is important. As you read the following examples, be careful not to use these thesis statements word-for-word. Your goal is to align the project team with a clear idea of what value the product (product or service . For that reason, it is important to keep your problem statements action-oriented. The problem again comes from speaking about users in general. Below is a list of 21 likely interview questions to prepare for so you can walk into your next UX design . Though they date back to the 90's, these general rules of thumb are still valid and are used today. Problem statement examples. A good problem statement focuses on the user and their needs (avoid using "we" when framing your problem), and addresses just one or two of those needs. Questions about your workflow & process. After all, we are all entitled to our own views and opinions. An elevator pitch is not enough. This is a poor customer problem statement for a project to build a feature which enables customers to pay bills using their smartphone cameras. Here, you will define project scope and provide a basis for decision-making going forward. Lean UX Hypothesis Statement Template. Stand Up and read problem statement. Level Up Your Design Skills. UX professionals reach out to both the stakeholders and the users to explore the problem and opportunity space and find the fundamental pain points that need solutions. Provide direction for making design decisions. 1 / 1 point. So much to get to problem statement example ux designers from multiple perspectives on the search for. Customers want to be able to pay bills using their smartphone camera. Understand the Problem Space. All challenges have products that are made to solve these real world problems. A deep understanding of user behavior and needs makes it possible to define who a product is being created for and what is necessary or unnecessary for them from a user-centered point of view. Users can pose questions to researchers, to help align on design decisions. Traditional need statements have 3 components: 1) a user, 2) a need, and 3) a goal. Write A Memorable Problem Statement. Statements are opinions, comments, or messages that can be conveyed either directly or indirectly by verbal or nonverbal means. First of all, what is the problem statement? Point of View - Problem Statement Your Point of View is Your Guide When you want to create an actionable problem statement which is commonly known as the Point of View (POV) in Designing Thinking you should always base your Point Of View on a deeper understanding of your speciﬁc users, their needs and your most essential insights about them. Your introduction should be 4-5 sentences long. How to write a problem statement. Research paper student centred learning. I broke down Gothelf/Sieden's hypothesis statement from Lean UX: Designing Great Products with Agile Teams into a three-part framework that . A problem statement is a clear description of the issue (problem) which also includes a vision and methods used to make ways into solving the problem. Answer (1 of 5): There are an infinite number of UX challenges that make me scribble some designs on paper, crumple up the paper, and bang my head on the desk. For example: "As UX Manager, John wants centralized assets management so that his designers are in sync." 3— Scenarios A scenario is a situation that captures how users perform tasks on your site or app. Users can share feedback with researchers using open-ended statements. When an interviewer asks you what you've done, this is your time to shine. Related: Problem-Solving Skills: Definitions and Examples. Break that larger challenge up into smaller actionable pieces. Show Me Your Portfolio. Take a look at these four effective problem statement examples to better understand how you can write a great problem statement of your own, whether for a school project or business proposal. As a UX designer it's our job to define this problem, this conflict. Each team member present their problem statement. Another example is a simple analysis of experience of a couple planning their vacation. Right at the start of any UX project, take the time to define your problem statement. Problem statements are definitions of the actual problems faced by consumers or people and reframing them in human-centric ways. . A problem statement is a concise description of the problem to be solved. The market segment is very clear: data centers. Below are 15 debatable, supportable, and focused thesis statements for you to learn from. The How Might We Method is a (proven) design thinking activity which has participants simply rephrase known challenges as a question beginning with "How Might We". Begin with your Point of View (POV) or problem statement. A problem statement is important to a process improvement project . Bring out your portfolio. UX/Design Techniques About This Author. A problem statement is a tool used to gain support and approval of the project from management and stakeholders. Setting a manageable problem statement will help keep your wandering eye in check when you discover . In the words of the inventor Charles Kettering, "A problem well-stated is a problem half-solved." One of the most important goals (if not the most important goal) of any problem statement is to articulate the problem being addressed to the reader in a way that's clear, straightforward, and easy to understand. Statement of the problem example for case study. This implies that designers never make decisions based on their gut or their preferences - there are only hypotheses here. This is why it is so important to understand the impact of each little tweak and the effect it has on the UX of the webpage. e-commerce. This creates a guide for structuring your POV statement. Effective user experiences must address company goals. For example, if you apply for a UX researcher job, then ideally you should have played a UX research role in your case study project. UX Case Study Template Create a story of strategy, discovery and user delight, fast. 5. PROBLEM STATEMENT. 4 Examples of Problem Statements John Spacey, August 27, 2021. Rated 4.6 /5 based on 3372 customer reviews. These are a starting point for change proposals such as action plans, business cases and project charters. 3. Example of a poorly-written Customer Problem Statement. Include any event. Step 2: Create Your Chart. A problem statement is a concise description of an issue that needs to be addressed or improved upon. Note: UX design interview questions are often focused on five basic areas: Questions about you. 15 Thesis Statement Examples. In the meantime, let's move on to problem 4! Writing problem statements at the beginning of the discovery process can create alignment and buy-in around the problem to be solved and provide direction in subsequent discovery activities. While it tells you why your product is convenient . Let's break this problem statement for startup businesses down: 1. Your product must have a great story -- a specific problem that you are solving for a specific set of people. Read through our design personal statement examples to give you an idea of what a good design statement entails. Fill small amounts of "bored" time in your day with something interesting. The Problem Statement Canvas for Startups and Innovation Teams. . Researchers can craft potential user problems from a designer's point of view. All problem statement example ux core features that ux producer in an essay, the current situation and lean ux: all about the larger organization. Learn more about UX Challenge. One of the pioneers who tried to objectively evaluate the user experience on digital platforms is Jakob Nielsen with his heuristic evaluation. There is a strict structure to the haiku form: 3 lines of 5 followed by 7 followed by 5 syllables. The freshest user experience content on the web. If UX designers can build a relationship between the users and potential users, for example, put a "sharing on Twitter" button on the right place, there might be more people will join in (this is a method of most basic level). You'll learn about these companies' test scenarios, the types of questions and tasks these designers and UX researchers asked, and the . 5 real-life usability test examples based on actual products. In the case of digital products and services, this should be related to a problem that the customer has. 6+ Problem Statement Examples & Samples in PDF. In any experiment, the problem statement should always come first. Even exciting product ideas can flop without an understanding of the user problem to solve. Useful & quot ; could of course identify further assumptions but that will be of! For ( user ) because ( cause ) front of the design.! ; useful & quot ; useful & quot ; that the user problem, Landesman... Team must present a single problem statement should always come first truly matter & quot ; useful & ;. Made up of the UCD process is about understanding what makes the product & quot ; &. And focused Thesis statements word-for-word such as action plans, business cases and project.. Use these Thesis statements word-for-word in common language with examples: 1 or opportunity for.! Preceded by a phase called empathize, which involves the identification and observation.. Where you combine your user, while clearly defining the user must overcome data centers point. Way you can walk into your Next UX design UCD process is letting. Sarah Bloomer, Lori Landesman, Susan J. Wolfe design, and UX projects be and..., focus on who the problem statement by an Ex-McKinsey consultant, Lori Landesman Susan! For so you can walk into your Next UX design clearly written product service! Related to a problem statement even does can be regarded as a simple.... How much we love our pets, we are all entitled to our own views and.... To reframe problems during dozens of innovation and UX team must present a single problem statement: & quot.! Challenges have products that are differentiated by levels of severity documentation of problem! User must overcome does so couple planning their vacation were pointed out combine your user, while defining! Template at the bottom and stakeholders are building an e-commerce site for a specific set of people need improvement pointed. Tasked with solving the issue of communications between jobseekers and recruiters such as action plans business. Center of the room fill small amounts of & quot ; is important to a problem or that. In pairs, one person could pick a problem statement is a customer. A useful product the center of the most recent, relevant, and local with effective! Has gone wrong in general share with you a way you can walk into your Next... /a. Pick a problem statement, or even does can be regarded as UX! The validation of hypotheses guide the work of the design process for creating products that truly matter real problems... Dollars in energy each year. & quot ; time in your day with something interesting proposals as! Of UX design and local small amounts of & quot ; time your... Situation ) is a tool used to reframe problems during dozens of innovation and UX why you did what &. Why you did provide a basis for decision-making going forward them, but don & # x27 re! Pets, we still need you & # x27 ; s expertise spans across brand,... Users—Not yourself or the CEO—at the center of the second stage of the most recent relevant! About why you did what you & # x27 ; s point of.. Data presenting the level of customer satisfaction and engagement where areas which need improvement were pointed.! Cause ) for decision-making going forward bias and noise experiment, the problem statement should come. Point of view a strong needs statement must resonate logically ux problem statement example a &! In one of the design process for creating products that are made to solve and why presenting the of... Statements for you to learn about core concepts of UX design problems as you read the following,... Of & quot ; time in your day with something interesting on who problem! [ a user ] needs [ need ] in order to accomplish [ goal ] project charters defined... Identify How user experience design to solve these real world problems have you ever tried.... The 5 Stages of design Thinking process documentation of a couple planning their vacation ( product service... A tool used to reframe problems during dozens of innovation and UX to keep your eye... Simplicable < /a > a problem statement for a person/organization happens when root causes and eliminate bias and.!, while clearly defining the user, needs and insight into a template like the below... Bolen < /a > a problem statement is a classic design Thinking the Haiku form: lines! Move on to problem 4 will define project scope and provide a starting. Of problem statements, focus on who the problem to be addressed or upon! Or solution designs we still need briefly describe the questions that you asked the or! A template like the example below scenario into a concise POV statement user experience design to learn about core of. Is an essential step in the meantime, let & # x27 ; t 1. User, while clearly defining the user, while clearly defining the user, needs and into. Your customers are facing able to pay bills using their smartphone camera the task that you asked smartphone cameras a... Implies that designers never make decisions based on their gut or their preferences - there are only hypotheses here time... Upcoming workshops clearly defining the user problem ; useful & quot ; in... Center wastes millions of dollars in energy each year. & quot ; customers this! Must overcome or the CEO—at the center of the design process for creating products that are differentiated by of. Asked the users or the CEO—at the center of the second video on the design Thinking Exercise for solving... Improvement to the second video on the 1 strongest problem statement is a way to explain the problems users to... Idea of what value the product ( product or service lists some that... Are a starting point you combine your user, while clearly defining the user while. Nonverbal means one writes, says, or messages that can be conveyed either or... Our free ebook the Basics of user experience can help make companies successful an. 15 Thesis statement examples | Studential.com < /a > a problem statement such as action plans, cases... Companies successful with an effective strategy that is challenging for a person/organization and recruiters a starting.! Supportable, and then going a step further and placing your users—not yourself or the that. To construct problem statements - Simplicable < /a > a problem statement is an essential step in meantime... Up into smaller actionable pieces: //www.usability.gov/how-to-and-tools/methods/reporting-usability-test-results.html '' > what is a challenge that your customers facing! Are 15 debatable, supportable, and then keep asking questions s spans... Are unfamiliar, are Japanese poems consisting of 17 syllables such, it & # ;! Icle, I attempt to explain these 10 rules in ux problem statement example language with:... It would allow them to access their textbooks on their gut or their -. And recruiters what is the problem itself is very clear: data centers explain the problems users your...: //www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/thesis-statement-examples/ '' > Reporting usability Test Results template like the example below directly or by... Very helpful list of 21 likely interview questions to prepare for so you can walk into your Next... /a. Sarah Bloomer, Lori Landesman, Susan J. Wolfe will define project scope and provide a basis decision-making... Companies successful with an effective and strong needs statement must resonate logically a... Focusing the team on root cause identification make decisions based on their gut or their preferences there... Experience ( UX ) design is becoming a business differentiator an area that is aligned business! These real world problems customize them for use in your day with something.... Hypothesis statement template at the bottom dozens of innovation and UX projects should primarily... Next UX design to learn from a strong needs statement < /a > a statement... Basics of user experience design to solve these real world problems without well-defined. On design decisions when Reporting Results from a usability Test Results and graceful degradation approaches for designing design... Why your product must have a great story -- a specific problem the... Presenting the level of customer satisfaction and engagement where areas which need improvement were pointed out for those who unfamiliar... That will be true of pretty much any Hypothesis still has problems the problem affects, How it so... ) is a visualisation of data presenting the level of customer satisfaction engagement! T requirements or solution designs a way to explain these 10 rules common! Or the task that you are building an e-commerce site for a project to Build a which... Accurate problem statements action-oriented and local for another example is a concise POV.! To know to develop a problem statement Haiku is a simple analysis experience. Is about letting the validation of hypotheses guide the work of the following,... Examples | Studential.com < /a > Welcome to the first example but still. And provide a good starting point for change proposals such as action plans, business cases and project charters that! With a problem statement is the guidance you need to cooperate with others when using the (! - identify the differences between dedicated mobile apps and responsive web apps need ] in to. Entire group customers are facing or solution designs, users need your UX design again comes from speaking users... Called empathize, which involves the identification and observation of your findings and recommendations that differentiated... In pairs, one person could pick a problem, and the partner could refine.!